
El Grup de Biomarcadors i Dinàmica Clonal del VHIO aplica anàlisis innovadores de l’evolució tumoral en mostres longitudinals de tumors i de biòpsia líquida d’ADN tumoral circulant (ctDNA), en diversos contextos clínics i terapèutics.
Mitjançant aquest enfocament integrador, la seva recerca té com a objectiu desxifrar la complexitat evolutiva dels càncers humans i identificar coneixements aplicables que es puguin traslladar a la pràctica clínica, amb especial atenció a la immunoteràpia contra el càncer i a les teràpies dirigides.
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Aplicar assaigs multimodals de ctDNA per predir la resposta a la immunoteràpia i a les teràpies dirigides en diferents tipus tumorals.
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Caracteritzar l’heterogeneïtat tumoral: examinar l’heterogeneïtat temporal dels tumors mitjançant enfocaments de seqüenciació de tumor i biòpsia líquida durant la resposta al tractament i la progressió de la malaltia, particularment en el context de la immunoteràpia i les teràpies dirigides.
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Investigar els mecanismes de resistència a fàrmacs oncològics en immunoteràpia i teràpies dirigides per identificar possibles biomarcadors de resistència en biòpsia líquida que orientin estratègies terapèutiques més eficaces.
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Avaluar la utilitat clínica de l’anàlisi d’ADN tumoral circulant (ctDNA) en càncers adrenals poc freqüents, com feocromocitomes, paragangliomes (PPGL) i carcinomes adrenocorticals (ACC).
Cap de grup
Rodrigo A. Toledo
Investigadors Predoctorals
Carlota Arenillas, Oriol Mirallas Viñas, Ana Belen Moreno-Cárdenas
Lab Manager
Alma Calahorro
Tècnica de laboratori
Aya Louhamane
Bioinformàtiques
Alessandra Bonilla
Data scientist
Kira Raskina
Most relevant publications
- Garralda E, Abbott C, Calahorro A, Mirallas O, Pugh J, Moreno-Cárdenas AB, Keough K, Galvao V, Alonso G, Olano AM, Vieito Villar M, Oberoi A, Lostes Bardaji J, Hernando-Calvo A, Braña I, Pretelli G, Ortega B, Arenillas C, Czerniak N, Navarro FCP, Li B, Pyke RM, Ravi N, Zatse C, Grussu F, Sanz M, Viaplana C, Raskina K, Jimenez J, Fasani R, Casbas-Hernandez P, Oflazoglu E, Hodgson D, Reis-Filho J, Felip E, Élez E, Muñoz E, Dienstmann R, Tabernero J, Lopez-Perez R, Nuciforo P, Chen RO, Boyle SM, Toledo RA. Broad Utility of Ultrasensitive Analysis of ctDNA Dynamics across Solid Tumors Treated with Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2025. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-25-2312.
- Moreno-Cárdenas AB, Ros J, Gil-Vila A, Datta D, Fasani R, Serna G, Jimenez J, Trallero-Araguás E, Viaplana C, Lostes J, Milisenda JC, Grau-Junyent JM, Lopez-Perez R, Pinal-Fernández I, Nuciforo P, Toledo RA, Selva-O’Callaghan A. Frequent genetic alterations in myositis autoantigen genes in cancer-associated dermatomyositis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2025. doi: 10.1016/j.ard.2025.10.018.
- Arenillas C, Celada L, Ruiz-Cantador J, Calsina B, Datta D, García-Galea E, Fasani R, Moreno-Cárdenas AB, Alba-Linares JJ, Miranda-Barrio B, Martínez-Montes ÁM, Alvarez-Escola C, Lecumberri B, González García A, K Flores S, Esquivel E, Ding Y, Peitzsch M, Robles-Guirado JÁ, Regojo Zapata RM, Pozo-Kreilinger JJ, Iglesias C, Dwight T, Muir CA, Oleaga A, Garrido-Lestache Rodríguez-Monte ME, Del Cerro MJ, Martínez-Bendayán I, Álvarez-González E, Cubiella T, Lourenço DM Jr, A Pereira MA, Burnichon N, Buffet A, Broberg C, Dickson PV, Fraga MF, Llorente Pendás JL, Rueda Soriano J, Buendía Fuentes F, Toledo SPA, Clifton-Bligh R, Dienstmann R, Villanueva J, Capdevila J, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Favier J, Nuciforo P, Young WF Jr, Bechmann N, Opotowsky AR, Vaidya A, Bancos I, Weghorn D, Robledo M, Casteràs A, Dos-Subirà L, Adameyko I, Chiara MD, Dahia PLM, Toledo RA. Convergent Genetic Adaptation in Human Tumors Developed Under Systemic Hypoxia and in Populations Living at High Altitudes. Cancer Discov. 2025 May 2;15(5):1037-1062.
All publications
- Garralda E, Abbott C, Calahorro A, Mirallas O, Pugh J, Moreno-Cárdenas AB, Keough K, Galvao V, Alonso G, Olano AM, Vieito Villar M, Oberoi A, Lostes Bardaji J, Hernando-Calvo A, Braña I, Pretelli G, Ortega B, Arenillas C, Czerniak N, Navarro FCP, Li B, Pyke RM, Ravi N, Zatse C, Grussu F, Sanz M, Viaplana C, Raskina K, Jimenez J, Fasani R, Casbas-Hernandez P, Oflazoglu E, Hodgson D, Reis-Filho J, Felip E, Élez E, Muñoz E, Dienstmann R, Tabernero J, Lopez-Perez R, Nuciforo P, Chen RO, Boyle SM, Toledo RA. Broad Utility of Ultrasensitive Analysis of ctDNA Dynamics across Solid Tumors Treated with Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2025. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-25-2312.
- Moreno-Cárdenas AB, Ros J, Gil-Vila A, Datta D, Fasani R, Serna G, Jimenez J, Trallero-Araguás E, Viaplana C, Lostes J, Milisenda JC, Grau-Junyent JM, Lopez-Perez R, Pinal-Fernández I, Nuciforo P, Toledo RA, Selva-O’Callaghan A. Frequent genetic alterations in myositis autoantigen genes in cancer-associated dermatomyositis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2025. doi: 10.1016/j.ard.2025.10.018.
- Arenillas C, Celada L, Ruiz-Cantador J, Calsina B, Datta D, García-Galea E, Fasani R, Moreno-Cárdenas AB, Alba-Linares JJ, Miranda-Barrio B, Martínez-Montes ÁM, Alvarez-Escola C, Lecumberri B, González García A, K Flores S, Esquivel E, Ding Y, Peitzsch M, Robles-Guirado JÁ, Regojo Zapata RM, Pozo-Kreilinger JJ, Iglesias C, Dwight T, Muir CA, Oleaga A, Garrido-Lestache Rodríguez-Monte ME, Del Cerro MJ, Martínez-Bendayán I, Álvarez-González E, Cubiella T, Lourenço DM Jr, A Pereira MA, Burnichon N, Buffet A, Broberg C, Dickson PV, Fraga MF, Llorente Pendás JL, Rueda Soriano J, Buendía Fuentes F, Toledo SPA, Clifton-Bligh R, Dienstmann R, Villanueva J, Capdevila J, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Favier J, Nuciforo P, Young WF Jr, Bechmann N, Opotowsky AR, Vaidya A, Bancos I, Weghorn D, Robledo M, Casteràs A, Dos-Subirà L, Adameyko I, Chiara MD, Dahia PLM, Toledo RA. Convergent Genetic Adaptation in Human Tumors Developed Under Systemic Hypoxia and in Populations Living at High Altitudes. Cancer Discov. 2025 May 2;15(5):1037-1062.
- Arenillas C, Celada L, Ruiz-Cantador J, Calsina B, Datta D, García-Galea E, Fasani R, Moreno-Cárdenas AB, Alba-Linares JJ, Miranda-Barrio B, Martínez-Montes ÁM, Alvarez-Escola C, Lecumberri B, González García A, K Flores S, Esquivel E, Ding Y, Peitzsch M, Robles-Guirado JÁ, Regojo Zapata RM, Pozo-Kreilinger JJ, Iglesias C, Dwight T, Muir CA, Oleaga A, Garrido-Lestache Rodríguez-Monte ME, Del Cerro MJ, Martínez-Bendayán I, Álvarez-González E, Cubiella T, Lourenço DM Jr, A Pereira MA, Burnichon N, Buffet A, Broberg C, Dickson PV, Fraga MF, Llorente Pendás JL, Rueda Soriano J, Buendía Fuentes F, Toledo SPA, Clifton-Bligh R, Dienstmann R, Villanueva J, Capdevila J, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Favier J, Nuciforo P, Young WF Jr, Bechmann N, Opotowsky AR, Vaidya A, Bancos I, Weghorn D, Robledo M, Casteràs A, Dos-Subirà L, Adameyko I, Chiara MD, Dahia PLM, Toledo RA. Convergent Genetic Adaptation in Human Tumors Developed Under Systemic Hypoxia and in Populations Living at High Altitudes. Cancer Discov. 2025 May 2;15(5):1037-1062. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-24-0943. PMID: 40199338; PMCID: PMC12046333.
- Voronova AK, Grigoriou A, Bernatowicz K, Simonetti S, Serna G, Roson N, Escobar M, Vieito M, Nuciforo P, Toledo R, Garralda E, Fieremans E, Novikov DS, Palombo M, Perez-Lopez R, Grussu F. SpinFlowSim: A blood flow simulation framework for histology-informed diffusion MRI microvasculature mapping in cancer. Med Image Anal. 2025 May;102:103531. doi: 10.1016/j.media.2025.103531. Epub 2025 Mar 7. PMID: 40073583; PMCID: PMC12034030.
- Bernatowicz K, Amat R, Prior O, Frigola J, Ligero M, Grussu F, Zatse C, Serna G, Nuciforo P, Toledo R, Escobar M, Garralda E, Felip E, Perez-Lopez R. Radiomics signature for dynamic monitoring of tumor inflamed microenvironment and immunotherapy response prediction. J Immunother Cancer. 2025 Jan 11;13(1):e009140. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009140. PMID: 39800381; PMCID: PMC11749429.
- de Jager VD, Giacomini P, Fairley JA, Toledo RA, Patton SJ, Joosse SA, Koch C, Deans ZC; ELBS ctDNA Workshop Group; Pantel K, Heitzer E, Schuuring E. Reporting of molecular test results from cell-free DNA analyses: expert consensus recommendations from the 2023 European Liquid Biopsy Society ctDNA Workshop. EBioMedicine. 2025 Apr;114:105636. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105636. Epub 2025 Mar 22. PMID: 40121940; PMCID: PMC11979934.
- Bernatowicz K, Amat R, Prior O, Frigola J, Ligero M, Grussu F, Zatse C, Serna G, Nuciforo P, Toledo R, Escobar M, Garralda E, Felip E, Perez-Lopez R. Radiomics signature for dynamic monitoring of tumor inflamed microenvironment and immunotherapy response prediction. J Immunother Cancer. 2025 Jan 11;13(1):e009140. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009140. PMID: 39800381; PMCID: PMC11749429.
- Pantel K, Alix-Panabières C, Hofman P, Stoecklein NH, Lu YJ, Lianidou E, Giacomini P, Koch C, de Jager V, Deans ZC, Fairley J, Patton SJ, Toledo RA, Schuuring E, Heitzer E, Hendrix A, Ricklefs FL, Thakur BK, von Bubnoff N, Pierga JY, Gebhardt C, Andersen CL, Fijneman R, Malats N, Hallermayr A, Chelala C, Joosse SA, Ciliberto G. Fostering the implementation of liquid biopsy in clinical practice: meeting report 2024 of the European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS). J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2025 May 23;44(1):156. doi: 10.1186/s13046-025-03398-4. PMID: 40410806; PMCID: PMC12100835.
- Martelli V, Vidal J, Gibert J, Fernández-Rodríguez MC, Linares J, García-Alfonso P, Páez D, Alonso V, Gomez-España MA, Guix M, Santos C, Duran G, Élez E, Garcia-Carbonero R, Ferreiro R, Pineda E, Sastre J, Cano MT, Manzano JL, Losa F, Aranda E, Rivera F, Sibilio A, Toledo R, Tabernero J, Salazar R, Bellosillo B, Montagut C; Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumours (TTD). Clinical validation of liquid biopsy-RECIST (LB-RECIST) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients: findings from the PLATFORM-B study. ESMO Open. 2025 Sep;10(9):105760. doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2025.105760. Epub 2025 Sep 3. PMID: 40907207; PMCID: PMC12446507.
- Grigoriou A, Macarro C, Palombo M, Navarro-Garcia D, Voronova AK, Bernatowicz K, Barba I, Escriche A, Greco E, Abad M, Simonetti S, Serna G, Mast R, Merino X, Roson N, Escobar M, Vieito M, Nuciforo P, Toledo R, Garralda E, Sala-Llonch R, Fieremans E, Novikov DS, Perez-Lopez R, Grussu F. Histology-informed microstructural diffusion simulations for MRI cancer characterisation-the Histo-μSim framework. Commun Biol. 2025 Nov 26;8(1):1695. doi: 10.1038/s42003-025-09096-3. PMID: 41298809; PMCID: PMC12657972.
- Grussu F, Grigoriou A, Bernatowicz K, Palombo M, Casanova-Salas I, Navarro-Garcia D, Barba I, Simonetti S, Serna G, Macarro C, Voronova AK, Garay V, Corral JF, Vidorreta M, García-Polo García P, Merino X, Mast R, Rosón N, Escobar M, Vieito M, Toledo R, Nuciforo P, Mateo J, Garralda E, Perez-Lopez R. Clinically feasible liver tumour cell size measurement through histology-informed in vivo diffusion MRI. Commun Med (Lond). 2025 Nov 20;5(1):535. doi: 10.1038/s43856-025-01246-2. PMID: 41266804; PMCID: PMC12749696.
- Moreno-Cárdenas AB, Ros J, Gil-Vila A, Datta D, Fasani R, Serna G, Jimenez J, Trallero-Araguás E, Viaplana C, Lostes J, Milisenda JC, Grau-Junyent JM, Lopez-Perez R, Pinal-Fernández I, Nuciforo P, Toledo RA, Selva-O’Callaghan A. Frequent genetic alterations in myositis autoantigen genes in cancer-associated dermatomyositis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2025 Nov 24:S0003-4967(25)04457-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ard.2025.10.018. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41290487.
- Garralda E, Abbott C, Calahorro A, Mirallas O, Pugh J, Moreno-Cárdenas AB, Keough K, Galvao V, Alonso G, Olano AM, Vieito Villar M, Oberoi A, Lostes Bardaji J, Hernando-Calvo A, Braña I, Pretelli G, Ortega B, Arenillas C, Czerniak N, Navarro FCP, Li B, Pyke RM, Ravi N, Zatse C, Grussu F, Sanz M, Viaplana C, Raskina K, Jimenez J, Fasani R, Casbas-Hernandez P, Oflazoglu E, Hodgson D, Reis-Filho J, Felip E, Élez E, Muñoz E, Dienstmann R, Tabernero J, Lopez-Perez R, Nuciforo P, Chen RO, Boyle SM, Toledo RA. Broad Utility of Ultrasensitive Analysis of ctDNA Dynamics across Solid Tumors Treated with Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2026 Jan 16;32(2):333-349. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-25-2312. PMID: 41400436; PMCID: PMC12809116.
- Navarro-Garcia D, Grussu F, Zatse C, Klümper N, Macarro C, Hernando-Calvo A, Sanz M, Vieito M, Braña I, Mirallas O, Alonso G, Galvao V, Pretelli G, Lostes J, Oberoi A, Toledo R, Nuciforo P, Garralda E, Perez-Lopez R. Integrating C-reactive protein flare and early MRI dynamics for enhanced prediction of immunotherapy response. J Immunother Cancer. 2025 Dec 21;13(12):e012143. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2025-012143. PMID: 41423273; PMCID: PMC12718596.
- Wyatt, A. W., Litiere, S., Bidard, F. C., Cabel, L., Dyrskjøt, L., Karlovich, C. A., Pantel, K., Petrie, J., Philip, R., Andrews, H. S., Vellanki, P. J., Tolmeijer, S. H., Villalobos Alberu, X., Alfano, C., Bogaerts, J., Calvo, E., Chen, A. P., Toledo, R. A., de Vries, E. G. E., … RECIST ctDNA workshop group. (2024). Plasma ctDNA as a treatment response biomarker in metastatic cancers: Evaluation by the RECIST working group. Clinical Cancer Research, 30(22), 5034-5041. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-24-1883
- Stanley, K. E., Jatsenko, T., Tuveri, S., Sudhakaran, D., Lannoo, L., Van Calsteren, K., de Borre, M., Van Parijs, I., Van Coillie, L., Van Den Bogaert, K., De Almeida Toledo, R., Lenaerts, L., Tejpar, S., Punie, K., Rengifo, L. Y., Vandenberghe, P., Thienpont, B., & Vermeesch, J. R. (2024). Cell type signatures in cell-free DNA fragmentation profiles reveal disease biology. Nature Communications, 15(1), 2220. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46435-0
- Prior, O., Macarro, C., Navarro, V., Monreal, C., Ligero, M., Garcia-Ruiz, A., Serna, G., Simonetti, S., Braña, I., Vieito, M., Escobar, M., Capdevila, J., Byrne, A. T., Dienstmann, R., Toledo, R., Nuciforo, P., Garralda, E., Grussu, F., Bernatowicz, K., & Perez-Lopez, R. (2024). Identification of precise 3D CT radiomics for habitat computation by machine learning in cancer. Radiology: Artificial Intelligence, 6(2), e230118. https://doi.org/10.1148/ryai.230118
- Ligero, M., Serna, G., El Nahhas, O. S. M., Sansano, I., Mauchanski, S., Viaplana, C., Calderaro, J., Toledo, R. A., Dienstmann, R., Vanguri, R. S., Sauter, J. L., Sanchez-Vega, F., Shah, S. P., Ramón Y Cajal, S., Garralda, E., Nuciforo, P., Perez-Lopez, R., & Kather, J. N. (2024). Weakly supervised deep learning predicts immunotherapy response in solid tumors based on PD-L1 expression. Cancer Research Communications, 4(1), 92-102. https://doi.org/10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-23-0287
- Huebner A, Black JRM, Sarno F, Pazo R, Juez I, Medina L, Garcia-Carbonero R, Guillén C, Feliú J, Alonso C, Arenillas C, Moreno-Cárdenas AB, Verdaguer H, Macarulla T, Hidalgo M, McGranahan N, Toledo RA. ACT-Discover: identifying karyotype heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer evolution using ctDNA. Genome Med. 2023 Apr 20;15(1):27.
- IMMUNOMICs – Liquid biopsy analysis in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy.
- PREDICT – Liquid biopsy-based prediction of clinical outcomes in cancer immunotherapy.
- mPPGL – Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a prognostic biomarker in rare adrenal tumors.
- HYPOXIA – Positive selection of EPAS1-HIF2α mutations in systemic hypoxia.
- Targeting Ferroptosis as a new therapeutic approach to overcome resistance to checkpoint inhibitors. Funded by: Agencia de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR). Reference: 2024 LLAV 00119. 12/01/2024 – 05/31/2025. PI: Rodrigo Toledo.
- Inici de l’anàlisi de dades del projecte d’inmunoteràpia IMMUNOMICs-ctDNA.
- Validació per grups científics internacionals del nostre descobriment de mutacions RNF43 com a biomarcadors predictius de resposta en pacients amb càncer colorectal (CCR) amb mutació BRAF tractats amb teràpia anti-BRAF/EGFR.
- Desenvolupament de ACT-Discover per augmentar la sensibilitat de la detecció de ctADN en mostres de plasma.
- S’ha revisat l’eficàcia dels inhibidors del factor induïble per hipòxia-2 alfa (HIF2α) en tumors que allotgen mutacions a la via de la hipòxia.










